Workers & Sandboxing
This component is responsible for polling jobs from the app, preparing the sandbox, and executing them with the engine.
Jobs
There are three types of jobs:
- Recurring Jobs: Polling/schedule triggers jobs for active flows.
- Flow Jobs: Flows that are currently being executed.
- Webhook Jobs: Webhooks that still need to be ingested, as third-party webhooks can map to multiple flows or need mapping.
This documentation will not discuss how the engine works other than stating that it takes the jobs and produces the output. Please refer to engine for more information.
Sandboxing
Sandbox in Activepieces means in which environment the engine will execute the flow. There are three types of sandboxes, each with different trade-offs:
| Name | Supports NPM in Code Piece | Requires Docker to be Privileged | Performance | Secure for Multi Tenant | Environment Variable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V8/Code Sandboxing | ❌ | No | Fast & Lightweight | ✅ | Set AP_EXECUTION_MODE to SANDBOX_CODE_ONLY |
| No Sandboxin | ✅ | No | Fast & Lightweight | ❌ | Set AP_EXECUTION_MODE to UNSANDBOXED |
| Kernel Namespaces Sandboxing | ✅ | Yes | Slow & CPU Intensive | ✅ | Set AP_EXECUTION_MODE to SANDBOXED |
No Sandboxing & V8 Sandboxing
The difference between the two modes is in the execution of code pieces. For V8 Sandboxing, we use isolated-vm, which relies on V8 isolation to isolate code pieces.
These are the steps that are used to execute the flow:
Prepare Code Pieces
If the code doesn’t exist, it will be compiled using TypeScript Compiler (tsc) and the necessary npm packages will be prepared, if possible.
Install Pieces
Pieces are npm packages, we perform a simple check. If they don’t exist, we use pnpm to install the pieces.
Execution
There is a pool of worker threads kept warm and the engine stays running and listening. Each thread executes one engine operation and sends back the result upon completion.
Security:
In a self-hosted environment, all piece installations are done by the platform admin. It is assumed that the pieces are secure, as they have full access to the machine.
Code pieces provided by the end user are isolated using V8, which restricts the user to browser JavaScript instead of Node.js with npm.
Performance
The flow execution is fast as the javascript can be, although there is overhead in polling from queue and prepare the files first time the flow get executed.
Benchmark
TBD
Kernel Namespaces Sandboxing
This consists of two steps: the first one is preparing the sandbox, and the other one is the execution part.
Prepare the folder
Each flow will have a folder with everything required to execute this flows, which means the engine, code pieces and npms
Prepare Code Pieces
If the code doesn’t exist, it will be compiled using TypeScript Compiler (tsc) and the necessary npm packages will be prepared, if possible.
Install Pieces
Pieces are npm packages, we perform simple check If they don’t exist we use pnpm to install the pieces.
Execute Flow using Sandbox
In this mode, we use kernel namespaces to isolate everything (file system, memory, CPU). The folder prepared earlier will be bound as a Read Only Directory.
Then we use the command line and to spin up the isolation with new node process, something like that.
Security
The flow execution is isolated in their own namespaces, which means pieces are isolated in different process and namespaces, So the user can run bash scripts and use the file system safely as It’s limited and will be removed after the execution, in this mode the user can use any NPM package in their code piece.
Performance
This mode is Slow and CPU Intensive. The reason behind this is the cold boot of Node.js, since each flow execution will require a new Node.js process. The Node.js process consumes a lot of resources and takes some time to compile the code and start executing.
Benchmark
TBD